LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 


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HoUinger Corp. 
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RC 187 . ^trf' f^- 



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TYPHOID AND TYPHUS FEVER, 

Tgphtl* EHltriU; Scarlet r,ntr, Mtrntlu anil Small Foi-, nipll,,. 
rla^ ttMffenftrf/ mud niieummH»m<, and 

HOW TO BREAK ANY FEVER IN 1 TO 5 DAYS, 



CAUSE AND EFFECT CURE, 



€mst, ^posop|g, anil Cmt of f pjjoiii anb Cpjus 
FEARER, 

Including Typhoid Enteritis, & other CompHcations, 

ALSO THE PHILOSOrilY OF FEVFRS IN GF.KERAL, 

AND 

HOW'tO break any FEVKR in 1 TO 5 PAYS, 



COMMON CONTINUED FEYEK, SCARLET FFJYER, & SMALL POX, 

INCLUDING, ALSO, THE KEAOY CUIiK OF MALIGNANT 
DIPTHERIA AND DYSKNTKRY. 



By EPHRAImIaPHAM, M. D. 



QOrtan, Mitf)., 

Steem I^nlDliehiriLglloxise <>f S. l^- JTernaain <& Co, 
18C4. 



ENTERED ACCORDIKG TO ACT OF CONGRESS 
la the year 1863 by K. Lapliano, In the Clork'e office of the DIatriot Court of the Unite'! 
States for the Eastern District of Miehigak. 




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i 



TYPHOID 

AND 

TYPHUS FEYEH. 



Typhoid Fever is a contagious continued fever, and is identi- 
cal with 7 yphus Fever, However, the term typhoid is som.-. 
times used to express the lighter and typhus the graver form of 
the same disease. 

CAUSE — Typhoid Fever arises from that form of contagion 
termed infection^ which is an impalpable miasm that emenates 
from a person already sick with the same disease. Typhoid Fe- 
ver is taken by the breath. That is, the infectious miasm con- 
stantly emenates from the sick person, mixes with the air of 
his apartment, and passes directly into the blood, through the 
medium of the lungs, by inhalation. 

But the infection will not generate the disease, without it is 
taken in considerable quantity, unless the individual is exceed- 
ingly susceptible to its influence. Therefore but a very few who 
make casual visits on typhoid fever patients incept the disease 
at all ; and but very l"ew of those wbo watch with them occa- 
sionally by night take it. 

Of those who are much about the sick a comparatively large 
number will take it, and usually more than one-half of the 
friends of the sick will incept the disease . 

The inception of typhoid fever ictection is either semihle or 
insmsihk. That is, some individuals imbibe the poison in suffi 



4 



CAdhE — J^EciATivE Stage. 



cient quantity to cause the disease, without being sensible of 
any immediate nauseating or other effect sufficient to attract 
their attention ; while others are sickened and depressed, and 
perhaps vomit at the time of its inhalation^ The strong and 
siclrening fumes that arise from typhoid fever patients, and 
which are especially present when they are not kept clean, are 
an indication of the presence of the infection in considerable in- 
tensity. 

The infection is absorbed by the bedding and other clothes 
about typhoid fever patients, and is given out again so as to 
produce the disease. This is especially the case while these 
clothes are being washed, for the infection arises with the vapor 
of hot water m great intensity. Many cases of the disease can 
be traced directly to this source. 

Typhoid fever is endemic. That is when it breaks out in a 
neighborhood, it usually spreads to a number of individuals 
and then ceases. It spreads because it is contagious, and it 
ceases as soon as tlie people of the neighborhood are fully aware 
of its contagious character and no longer undergo unnecessary 
exposure. 

There are co-operating causes which aid the infection to de- 
velop typhoid fever ; and the most potent of these is taking 
cold while the system is under the depressing influence of the in 
fectious poison. Also errors in diet, by deranging the digestive 
function, will act as co-operating causes. In fact anything that 
will diminish the action of the vital organs, will co-operate with 
the original infection and help to develope the disease. 

It is now very obvious why typhoid fever is more prevalent 
during the irregular weather of fall, winter and spring — be- 
cause these are the seasons for talcing cold. 

Fear of taking the disease, by depressing the nervous system, 
favors its development, while a strong and positive will is 
a powerful counter agent. 

Typhoid fever, from the first effect of the infection to its ter- 
mination in convalescence, may be divided into two stages : 

1st. Negative, including the incubation and chill. 

2nd. Positive, including the fever. 

NEGATIVE STAGE — The incubation of the disease includes that 
period which elapses from the inception of the infection to the 
development of the chill which immediately precedes the com- 
mencement of the positive or febrile stage. The duration of 



Philosophy of the Negative Stage. 



5 



this period is indefinite. It is said to be from a few hours to 
five or six weeks ; but I have usually found it to be twelve or 
fourteen days from the sensible inception of the infection. 

PHILOSOPHY OF THE NEGATIVE STAGE The iufeCtioUS poisOU 

has a special elective affinity for all the functions of secretion — 
the skin, the kidnies, the liver, the glandular system generally, 
and the digestive function — all of which are diminished in action 
by its influence. 

The infection also has a special elective affiinity for the heart 
and capillaries, which are also diminished in action by its influ- 
ence. 

1st. The culaneous capillaries are contracted and more or less 
bloodless ; while the heart is diminished in action. Hence there 
is chilliness^ or an especial susceptibility to cold. Hence also 
the system is less fortified against the negative or sedative, ef- 
fects of cold, and there is especial danger of taking cold, and if 
cold is taken, this effect at once co-operates with the original in- 
fection, and will often at once cut short the period of incubation 
and develop the fever. Because two negative or sedative agents 
are more potent to develop disease than a single negative or se- 
dative, 

2nd. The secretion from the skin is diminished by the infec- 
tion, which is also usually aided by the negative or sedative ef- 
fect of taking cold. Hence much perspiratory matter that 
should be thrown off by this function is retained back in the 
blood. 

3d. As a greater quantity of blood is thrown internally, on 
account of the bloodless state of the surface of the body, so the 
kidnies at first are stimulated to a state of greatly increased ac- 
tivity ; hence at first there is a frequent desire to urinate, 
which is clear and abundant. The kidnies may thus for a time 
maintain the balance of health, by doing their own work and 
that vicarious action for the skin also, but if they are long over- 
taxed to this extent, they will at length drop into a state of de- 
creased action, which is then aided by the negative or sedative 
action of the infectious poison in the blood. Hence the urine al- 
so at length becomes scanty and high colored ; and hence much 
of the urinary secretion that should be thrown off by this func- 
tion is retained back in the blood. Taking cold very often pro- 
duces the game result upon the kidnies, and of course must po"w- 



6 



Philosophy of the Negative Stage. 



erfully co-operatu with the negative or sedative action of the iu- 
fection upon this function also. 

4th. The adceutric action of the blocd at first also usually 
stimulates the liver to an increased activity ; but this function 
also soon sinks into a state of decreased action or torpor which 
is now aided by the infection in the blood, and frequently also 
by taking cold. Hence the elements of bile are kept back in the 
blood, ffence the countenance^ eyes^ ana skin become exceedingly 
salhm, or of a dusky yellow. Tlie bile also shows itself in the 
urine ; and as bile is a natural purgative, a dhninishod quantity 
in tlie bowels often occasions costiveness. 

In fact-the whole glandular system is thrown into a state of 
torpor by the negative or sedative action of the contagion ; -md 
the digestive function is deranged, the appetite is poor, and 
there is occasional nausea ; and these eflects are all expedited 
by the very povv^erful negative or sedative action of cold, or any 
other agent that depresses the action of the vital organs. 

The immediate effect of the inactivity of all these socretory and 
excretory functions, is the retention of a large amount of the el- 
ements of the perspiratory^ vrinary, biliary^ and other excretory 
matters^ in thQ blood. 

Now mark well the ^lature of incubatioji of typhoid fes-er; it 
is a progressive disease, taking place in the secretory functions 
of the skin and kidnies, and the liver, stomach, and bowels, etc., 
— a state of decreased activity. 

But the original infection, during the period of incubation, is 
producing another effect of great importance, and which consti- 
tutes the basis element of typhoid fever. A change is taking 
place in the blood, a putrid, dissolved state, that becomes a 
source of poisonous stimulation to the heart — an electro-positive 
state of the blood. 

The chill in typhoid fever, sometimes called the stage of inva- 
sion, consists principally oi rigors in the back and various parts 
of the body, interspersed by flashes of febrile heat. The latter 
soon predominates, and the chili ceases altogetl.er. The chill 
is u;iually light, though occasionally, especially when aided by 
the chilling effects of cold, it may be severe. 

The chill is the c^^^w^^;^g^^o?^ of that negative or decreased ac- 
tion that is going on during the incubation. The depressed ac- 
tion of the heart is still more depressed, and the cutaneous cap- 
illaries are more powcrlully contracted ; hence the blood is driv- 



T\Vo VABiEtiF-s TypHOib AND Typhus. 



en internally and accumulates in the veins. Hence also the sur- 
face of the body becomes pale and livid. The circulation is 
thrown out of balance, and there is a liability to internal con- 
gestions and inflamations. 

As the chill naturally occurs but once, and as it is usually 
tight, so the fever from reacti.>n is not an element of any spec- 
ial importance in typhoid fever. 

POSITIVE STAGE, OR FEVER — Tlic accGssion of the fever is some- 
times gradual and sometimes sudden. It is gradual when the in-, 
fection is unaided by any special co-operating cause ; but if a 
violent cold is taken while the system is laboring under the neg- 
ative or depressing effects of the infection, a sudden develop- 
ment of the fever will be the consequence. 

Typhoid tever runs its course without intermissions, and with 
but slight remissions- The duration of the positive or febrile 
stage of typhoid fever is generally three or four weeks ; but 
sometimes more and sometimes less. Different cases vary also 
greatly in point of severity ; the patient is usually more or less 
prostrate and helpless ; sometimes he is entirely helpless, with 
great mental depression and involuntary discharges. Hence in- 
fectious continued fever is usually divided into two varieties, de- 
pending Avholly upon a difference in severity, andf upon the de- 
gree of mental oppression ; 

1, Typhoid Fever is the lighter. 

2, Typhus Fever is the graver form. 

But as two names are quite unnecessary to distinguish the two 
varieties, I use the term typhoid'm common with most late wri- 
ters as including typhoid and typhus fever both. 

PHILOSOPHY OF THE POSITIVE STAGE, OR FEVER In Ordcr tO 

comprehend clearly the nature of the positive or febrile stage 
of typhoid fever, it will be necessary to pay very particular at- 
tention to the condition of— - 

1st. The secretions. 

2nd. The circulation. 

During the negative stage of incubation, the infectious poi- 
son, usually aided by the depressing action of cold and other 
negative or sedative agents, causes decreased action of the secre- 
tory and excretory functions, and the circulation both ; this de- 
pressed action culminates in the chili, after which the secretory 
and excretory functions remain inactive, while the circulation 
rises into a state of increased activity. 



8 



1st and 2nd Chain of Causation. 



EFFECTS — Hence the pulse is frequent, the skin is dry and 
hot, the urine is scanty aud high colored, the countenance and 
eyes are of a dark, dusky, bilious, or sallow complexion ; the 
appetite is poor, with occasional nausea, and more or less thirst ; 
and the bowels are often rather costive, though sometimes there 
may be diarrhoea. 

The tongue is indicative of the state of the mucous secretions 
in the stomach and bowels, being affected by sympathy of conti- 
guity, or involved in the same train of causes. Hence it is cov- 
ered with a white far at first ; becomes usually dark yellow 
when bile is excreted into the duodenum ; and as the disease ad- 
vances tlie tongiiii ])ecomes brown and even black, when the mu- 
cous secretions are accordingly vitiated. As diffuse inflamatory 
irritation increases in the mucous lining of the stomach and 
bowels, the tongue takes on a similar aspect, and becomes dry 
and red in the middle ; at length the whole tongue becomes dry, 
red, aud cracked ; and ;it other times it becomes clean, dry, red, 
smooth and glossy. 

An inflamatory condition of the mucous membrane of the 
stomach or upper part of the bowels may or may not be accom- 
panied by diarrhoea, but when the inflamation approaches the 
lower part of the intestines it is more frequently or even usually 
accompanied by diarrhoea. Inflamation of the raucous folicles 
is frequently accompanied by diarrhoea, but this is far from be- 
ing always the case during the treatment of typhoid fever, as 
this looseness of the bowels is usually quite readily checked up 
by the opium that may have been used. 

There is a greater or less narcotic effect produced upon ihe 
brain by the ])Gisonous condition of the blood, which in severe 
cases or the true typhus is very heavy. Hence there is often 
involuntary evacuation of urine and feces, subsultus, and pick- 
ing of the bedclothes, constant lying on the back, and sliding 
down in the bed, and a remarkable state of forgetfulness, all in- 
dicative of great mental prostration. 

CAUSE OF THE FEVER — The positive or febrile stage being a 
state of increased action of the hearty of course cannot be pro 
duced direc'Jy by the original infection, cold, etc., which pro 
duce directly decreased action. The febrile stage^in typhoid f 
ver is produced through the operation of a double chain of cau^^ 
sation. 



1st and 2jsrD Chain of Causation" — Diagnosis. 



9 



1st chain of causation — 1. The original infection, cold, etc., 
causes a negative or decreased action of the skin, kidnies, liver, 
and all of the secretory and excretory functions. 2. This de- 
creased action causes the retention in the blood of a vast 
amount of the elements of the perspiration, urine, bile, etc., 
which should be thrown off. This superabundant secretory and 
excretory matter in the blood cannot well be harmless. 3. It ul- 
timately and inevitably stimulates the heart to increased action, 
and causes fever — ^everfrom Functional Derangement. 

2nd chain of causation — 1. The original infection, I have 
said, also causes a poisonous (electro positive) state of the 
blood, and this condition of the blood also ultimately and inev- 
itably stimulates the heart to increased action, and causes fever 
— fever from a positive state of the blood. A chill is also followed 
by fever from reaction, but this element can influence the febrile 
excitement only but a few hours in the commencement of the 
fever, as there is but one chill, and fever from reaction is caused 
by a chill, and consequently is of short duration . 1 hen if we 
throw reaction out of the consideration, we find Typhoid Fever 
to be a compound fever, and composed of the two elemental 
fevers ■ — 

1st. Fever from Functional Derangement. 

2nd. Fever from an Electro positive State of the Blood. 

DIAGNOSIS — The common Non-contagious Continued Fever of 
this climate is usually called typhoid fever by practitioners but 
in typhoid fever there is more mental and physical prostration 
than in common continued fever ; while the latter is produced 
entirely by common agents, as taking cold, and is not conta- 
gious, but typhoid fever is always contagions. 

Inflamation of the mucous folicles of the small intestines (fo- 
licular enteritis or typhoid enteritis), is also usually confounded 
with typhoid fever ; but typhoid enteritis is an inflamatory com- 
plication that is liable to take place in the middle or latter stage 
of many cases of typhoid fever ; while again Typhoid Enteritis 
sometimes occurs as a primary disease, and is produced by com- 
mon causes, and is non-contagious. The contagions character 
•of the epidemic in typhoid fever will generally aid materially in 
■distinguishing this from other diseases with which it may be lia- 
ble to be contonnded. 

PROGNOSIS — As typhoid fever is a long lever, and is accompa» 
mied with much prostration of' the vital powers, so very many 



10 



Prognosis — First Indication. 



cases terminate fatally by exhaustion of the vital powers ; or by 
inflamatory complications in the bowels, producing typhoid en- 
teritis and diffuse mucous inflamation ; in the lungs producing 
bronchitis and pneumonitis ; and in the brain producing phreni- 
tis. Under the old and common i^ractice in typhoid fever I do 
say that the prognosis is exceedingly unfavorable, And even 
under the imi^roved hut shnjyle method of treating typhoid fever, 
which I shall now proceed to delineate, it is not to be expected 
that all typhoid fever patients will be saved. But that a ten 
fold greater proportion will be saved than is now savcl by the 
common expectant j^ractice I do verily believe. 

And ncv Doctor, whether you are regular or irregular, catho- 
lic or protestant, orthodox or relormatory, allopathic or eclec- 
tic, to whatever school you may belong, I entreat you to throw 
aside your maternal notions, your alumniate prejudices, which 
you call experience, and for this time at least, enter into the 
realm of ETERNAL PRINCIPLES. From this stand point 
all true experience becomes really useful. Short of this, expe- 
rience is exceedingly uncertain — is blind at least. Let j^rinciple 
be the foundation and experience will be the superstructure* 
Eternal Principles are the vine, while experience is but the 
branches. Typhoid Fever is not a disease to be trifled with; it 
cannot be driven out of its strongholds — its embattlements — by 
the tiny shafts of empiricism ; and though you use the medi- 
cines that I recommend, and endeavor to follow out the plan of 
treatment that I lay down, you must not expect to break up 
veritable contagious typhoid and typhus fever in one, two, three, 
four, or even five days, without a true knowledge of its philoso- 
phy. Therefore, reader, now let tliy mind enter into the realm 
of Eternal Principles — the Sphere of Causes 

cuEE OF TYPHOID AND TYPHUS FEVER — IhQ first indication is to 

prevent the inception of the infection. 

1st, -Ve have seen that the sources of danger are mainly the 
more intense miasm that emenates from the patient's body, and 

mixes with the air of his apartment. 

2nJ. The intense miasm that arises with the vapor of hot 
water while washing the clothes and bedding of the patient. 

In the second place we must observe that the infectious -mi- 
asm becomes comparatively innocuous when much diluted with 
air. 

And also that the fever is seldom taken twice by the same in- 
dividual ; therefore. 



Philosophy and Means of Cuee. 



11 



1. Let the patient be kept as clean as possible by frequent 
ablutions of his body, and by frequent changes of his bedding 
and other clothing. 

2. Let the stools be immediately removed from the room. 

3. Let the infection and stench that exhales from the patient 
and his evacuations be diluted with air as much as possible by 
freely ventilating his apartment. 

^. Choose some one who has had the fever to do the pa- 
tient's washing ; and also as nurse, who ha? to be about hiiti 
much and freely take his breath, or inhale the stench that may 
arise from other sources. 

The second indication, after the inception of the infection, or 
a free exposure, is to_prevent the incubation or generation of the 
fever. 

It must be observed that the typhoiil fever infection is by no 
meJins virulent, and more often requires the aid of co-inciding 
causes in order to generate the fever ; therefore. 

Avoid all co inciding causes, as that of taking cold, fatigue, 
intemperance in eating and drinking, and especially the exercise 
of the venerial passion, anger, grief, or fear; in short anything 
that might serve to debihtate or depress the activity of the vi- 
tal organs. 



PHILOSOPHY AND MEANS OF CURE. 



The third indication is, during the negative stage of unequivo 
cal INCUBATION, to prevent the development of the febrile stao-c 
ThAs can he ciccomplislied with great certainty. 

In the first place you must observe that there are two im])or- 
tant pathological changes taking place during tlie progress of 
the negative stage of incubation. 

1st. The infectious poison, usually aided by taking cold, and 
other negative agents, causes an electro-negative torpor or inac' 
tivity of the secretory and excretory functions, as that of the 





12 



Philosophy AND Means of Cure. 



skin and kidnies, the liver, stomach, and bowels, etc. The fi- 
nal result of this is the retention and accumulation of a vast 
amount of the elements of the perspiration, urine, bile, etc., in 
the blood, and this ultimately stimulates the heart to increased 
action and cause? fever — Fever from Functional Derangement\ 
which constitutes one of the two elements of the febrile stage, 
of typhoid and typhus fever. 

2nd. There is an increasing change going on in the blood — 
it is becoming electro-positive ; and this ultimately stimulates the 
heart to increased action and causes fever — fever from an eUc- 
tro positive state of the blood ; which constitutes the second and 
basic element of the febrile stage of typhoid and typhus fever. 

In the next phice, it will be found that when all morbific ex- 
cretory matter is eliminated from the blood, that the electro- 
positive change going on in the blood, will, generally, at least, 
prove abortive; that is, it will seldom or never of itself b.-. able 
to develop the positive or febrile stage, unaided by the stimulus 
of superabundant or vitiated excretory matter circulating in the 
blood; therefore, 

The sole indication during the incubation of typhoid and ty- 
phtis fever is Elimin-ation, That is, eliminate all morbific excre 
tory matter from the system by rousing the liver, stomach and 
bowels ; and the shin, and kidnies to a vigorous normal action. 

1. The liver, stomachy and bowels, as well as the glandular 
system generally ni^^y be roused to a vigorous normal action by 
the very efficient hepatic positive (chologogue), and purgative, as 
well as occasionally emetic — Podophyllxn. 

R. — Fodophyllin, one grain; 
Leptandrin, two grains ; 
Hydrargyrum cum creta, five grains ; 

Capsicum, one fourth of a grain. Mix for one powder ; make 
four such powders, and give one every three hours till they ope- 
rate thoroughly upon the bowels, which will tisualiy be after the 
third powder is taken ; and then stop giving the purgative, and 
follow its efiicient operation by a full dose of opium, laudanum, 
morphine, or paregoric, to prevent any excessive action upon 
the bowels, or the development of any inflamatory irritation of 
their mucous Ymmg that sometimes follows the excessive action of 
cathartics. 

For children the same may be given in sinaller doses — a child 



Philosophy and Meaks op Cure. 



four years old reqaires one-fourth the amount mentioned abovs. 
Thus: 

R. — Podophyllin, one fourth of a grain ; 
Leptandrin, half a grain , 
Hydrargyrum cum creta, two grains ; 
Capsicum, one-eighth ot a grain. Mix and give as betorOv— 
Follow the operation of the cathartic by a half or whole tea- 
spoonful of paregoric, and avoid the stronger opiates for c4ii!- 
dren for fear of producing narcotic stupor. 

- The podophyllin is the basic and most important ingredieat 
in the above prescription, and would fulfill the indicalio^ii 
without the help of any of the other ingredie^st^. 
Not 5=0 with any one of the other articles; yet the leptandrin 
operates with some vigor upon the liver and other glandular or- 
gan?, and but feebly upon the hotels, being nearly equivalent io 
ihubarb with more action upon the livei-; it may be used after 

_ihe above prescription has been canied out to/continue its a.?- 

lllrative action upon the liver etc. 
K. — Leptandrmi, one grain; 

Hydrarg. C. Creta, five grains; mix and give at ojie dose; to 
be repeated every ihvee liours. This prescription may be given 
during the second day. On the tliird, fourth or fifth day, ac- 
cording to the urgency of the symptoms, if a thorough flow of 
bile has not been already established, repeat tlie podophyllin, 
leptandrin, etc., according to the first prescription already men- 
tioned. ' : - , . . 

2. The kiduies and sAw will usually resume their uornial itme- 
tion after the proper action, of the liver, stomach and bowels are 

restored, without the administration of any further medieatioa 
But it the urine remains scanty and high colored, then rou^e 
thf kidneys to action by siveet spirits of niter, (nve a teaspoos^iirw 
every two hours till the urine flows abundant and clear, 
_ To restore the perspiratory function, the niter may be giveai fks 
above and its action determined to the skin, by free ablutioos oi 
the surface of the body with warm water or warm salt and vs a- 
tei ; followed by severe friction ot the skin with a towel, o^. 
"what is much better with the hand of second ])erso». At the 
same time the patients feet should be got into water as wai-ia 
as can be borne; after which he should be covered up Warm ju 
bed, and fomentations by means of flannel cloths wrung out of 
hot water, -salt and water, or smart weed infusion, should 
be placed over the region of the stomach and frequently repeated- 



14 



fiiis means will be especially useful if the patient has taken cold, 
and there is any cough, or other symptoms of initiatory local- 
ieed inflamation of any of the internal vicera. 

Withal, the patient should not fear the disease, but should 
profit bv the magnetism of courage; and I speak from principle 
made sure by experience when I declare that very few indeed 
will come down with typhoid or typhus fever where these pre- 
cautionary measures arc ndopted. 

Philosophy and Means of Cure, During the Electro posi- 
tive OK Febrile Stage.-I have said that the febrile stage of 
typhoid and typhus fever is developed through a double chaui 
of causation: 

1. The original infection usually aided by co-operating causes^ 
astakiDii Cold etc, causes an electro-negative action of all of 
the secretorv and execretory functions, namely, the skin and 
kidnies; and also the liver, stomach and bowels; and the gland, 
ular organs generally. The result is the retention of the ex- 
cretorv matter of the perspiration, urine, bile, etc., in the blood; 
and this ultimately and inevitably stimulates the heart to in- 
creased action and causes fever— Fever erom Functional De- 
BANGEMENT.— To remove this fever from functional derange- 
ment the only sure indication is: Elimination.— That is elimi^ 
note all vitiated or superabundant excretory matter from the 
blood, by rousing the liver, stomach, and bowels; and the skin 
and kidnies to a vigorous and healthy actaon by €«7iawf5. 

2. The original infection causes an electro positive state of 
the blood; and^this elects- positive state of the blood stimulates 
the heart to increased action and produces fever- Fever from an 
Elkctro-positive State of the Blood — Here the si^re indication 
is: Counteraction.— That is coi«?i^emcnhe electro-positive stini- 
ulatiou upon the heart by the administration of a more powerfu 
electro-negative medicine that has a specific elective affinity for 
the heart This indication is. exacth/ ipet by Veratrum Yiride 
^rhese two indications must form . the basis pf p,ur treatnaent of 
tyiphoid and typhus fever if we would break the fever and cure 
the disease at'once. But there are other minor indications that 
are also of no small importance. 

Ist. An opiate must occasionally be given to quiet nervous 
irritability and induce sleep; and also to check any excessive 



FnHiOsoPHT an© Means of Cuaa. 



15 



looseaess cf the bowels and prevent the dev^elopment of mucou* 
orfolicular enteritis. 

28d, The circulation must be equalized and the blood and 
electro-positive nervous force determined to the surface and to 
the extremities by warm fomentations, mustard, or even light 
blisters when necessary in order to avoid or subdue any local 
congestion or inflamation that may supervene in the course of 
the fever . 

Therefore, 

When you are called to see a patient laboring under the veri- 
table contagious typhoid or typhus fever, let it be at any period 
of the febrile stage; — provided there is not extreme prostration 
and that there is nn localized inflamation or diarrhoea, then, 

Ist, On the first day'^s visit you may adopt about the follow- 
ing plan of treatment 

R. — Podophyllin, one grain; 
Leptandrin, two grains: 
Hydrargyrum cum creta, 5 grains; 
Capsicum, one fourth of a grain; 

Opium, half a grain. Mix for one powder; make four 
such powders, and give one every three hours till they operate ? 
thoroughly as a cathartic. 

2nd. At the same time apply warm fomentations to the re- 
gion, of the stomach and bowels; or apply mustard poultices 
and also to the lower extremities. 

8d. Follow the sufficient action of the hepatic purgative by 
a.full dose of opium or morphine sufficient to quiet any excess- 
ive; action upon the bowels, and to prevent the development of 
muCQU§ inflamation or folicular enteritis that sometimes follows 
the excessive action of purgatives especially in typhoid fever. 

~^4th. E,,— Tilden's Fluid, Extract^ of Yeratrura Viride, one 
part; 

^Laudanum, two parts; mix, Conamence with this prepa. 
ration immediately^ after the operation of the cathartic and 
give' about fifbeea drops every, two hours tilL the pulse is reduced 
to a few beats below the standard of health. 

Or the veratum may be given without the laudanum, if the 
laudanum is not thought necessary. Then give about five drops 
of the fluid extract and repeat as above every two hours. 
In many cases where the functional derangement was rather 



16 



r*HItOS0PHY A2JD MbAKS OF CuBB. 



light you will find on the second day's visit, that not only the 
frequency, but also the force ot the pulse reduced to, or be' 
low the standard of health. If so you may expect that the 
fever is already broken. Then continue the veratrum viride in 
smaller doses, ten or twelve drops of the veratrum and lauda- 
num drops every three hours and at the same time. 

R. — Leptandrin, one grain; 

Hydrarg. cum creta. five grains; mix and repeat every 
three or four hours. 

But if the frequency of the pulse is not reduced to the stand- 
ard of health, then the veratrum is not a good preparation and 
it will be necessary to increase it a few drops . But if tlie puise 
is already reduced to, or below the standard of health, and it 
still retains its extra force or its hard or feverish beat, then you 
have not yet cured the fevier from Functional Derangement^ 
which can only be done by ELIMINANTS. 

R. — Leptandrin, one grain; 

Hydrarg. cum creta, five grains; mix for one powder and 
repeat every three hours, and give the veratrum and laudanum 
fi'vet' drops in doses sufficient to keep down the pulse, once in 
three hours, either between the powders or with the powders. 
Also be exceedingly careful that you ward off any attack oflo 
cal inflamatiou by keeping the circulation well balanced by fo- 
mentations, mustard poultices, rubbing the extremities and abdo- 
men with hot mustard and vinegar etc. At any time through- 
out the course of the disease any extra heat of the skin may be 
removed by cold or tepid sponging. 

If the patient is thirsty let him have all the cold water he 
wants; and if the thirst is excessive with symptoms of gastro 
intestinal mucous inflamation, let him swallow ice in small 
pieces imtil this thirst is entirely satisfied. 

You must caution the attendants to watch the patient's pulse 
and other symptoms and when the veratrum vomits or nause- 
ates and distresses the patient, they must be directed to give a 
full dose of laudanum, opium, or morphine; or paregoric for 
children, to be repeated when required, and if necessary a lit^ 
brandy may also be given, 

On XhQ third day'' s visit i{ the hard and feverish heat ot the 
pttlse is not yet entirely subdued, if there is no local inflama- 
tion to keep up the fever, and if you have kept the pulse well 



Philosophy ajtd Means op Cube. 



It 



reduced by the veratrum, " then you may depend upon it that 
you have not yet sufficiently freed the blood from morbific ex- 
cretory matter, by a sufficient action on the skin, kidnies, liver, 
etc. 

1st, Then you may omit the veratrum while you repeat 
about the hrst day's prescription of podophyllin, leptaodrin, 
and hydrargyrum cum creta, with the opium; to be repeated 
every three hours till they operate lightly as a purgative. Then 
stop giving them and give opium or morphine to quiet the bow- 
els, after which resume the veratrum viri de again. 

On the fourth day''s visit you should certainly find the fever 
entirely broken. If so, then continue to give the alteratives 
and the cardiac negative fever drops till the appetite returag, — 
Thus, 

R. — Leptandrin, one gi^ain: 

Hydrargyrum cum creta, five grains; mix for one powdei* 
To be repeated every three or four hours till the appetite re- 
turns. At the same time give the veratrum and laudanum 
drops in doses ot ten or twelve drops every three or four hours; 
or give the fluid extract of veratrum viride without the laud- 
anum in doses of about three drops to be repeated as before. 

The diet should be mild and unirritating, and you should not 
cease visiting your patient till you find him fully convalescent, 
with a vigorous normal appetite. Until convalescence is fully 
established, you must direct the veratrum to be repeated witfe 
every exacerbation of febrile symptoms. 

Skin and Kidnies. — When the skin is hot and dry with much 
eccentric action of the circulation the veratrum viride, wMofe is 
given to reduce the circulation, will also induce sweating. But 
at any time when it is '^though.t necessary during, the fever, tiie 
sweet spirits of ni^idr may be given^in teaspoonful doses repeat- 
ed every two or three hours; and if necessary its action maybe 
determined to the skin by the addition of a few drops of lauda- 
num. But the skin will usually reiume its action without Uie 
niter. 

When the urine is scanty and high colored or when it is eti» 
tirely suppressed, as is often the case in typhoid fever, then you 
may give the sweet spirits of niter in teaspoonfnl doses every 
two or three hours till the discharge is again free. This may 
be adopted at any time during the whole course of the fever. — 

But omit your quinine, and brandy, and supporting regimen; 



18 



Philosophy and Mbans or CuBa. 



it 18 a]togeth*3r uncalled for in typhoid and typhus lever. There 
is too much morbific stimuli already acting upon the heart, and 
do not add quinine and brandy. This would be curing an elec- 
tro-pogitive disease by electro-positive remedies. But your ob- 
ject in giving quinine and brandy is, not to cure the lever, but 
to suppOi-t the strength. How exceedingly unreasonable to be 
lieve that you can support the strength of your patient by adding 
that, of which the system has already far too much, namely 
electro positive stimulation, — by quinine and brandy. The 
powerful electro-negative cardiac medicine, veratrum viride, by 
diminishing arterial or cardiac action will support the strengtl 
of your patient, while quinine and brandy by increasing arteria 
or cardiac action will exhaust his vitality. 

I do not say that it is impossible to break up typhoid fever or 
the principle oi similia similihus curantur* Several years ago I 
was myself taken with infections typhoid fever. I took calomel 
until the gums were slightly touched ; after which I took 
qiii/iine in live or six gram doses repeated every two hours; an( 
the result was, exceedingly profuse and long continued sweat 
ing — and a suspension of the fever. 

On the fifth or sixth days visit you should certainly find the 
hepatic and other secretory and excretory functions so far res 
torcd to their normal degree of activity that the appetite will be 
gin to return. Then continue the leptandrin three or four times 
a day tor several days longer; and direct the veratrum to be 
given ior any febrile excitement that will sometimes come on in 
the latter part of the day. 

Tlie appetite should return sometime between the third and 
filth day ; if it does not then, there is either some lurking in 
flamation, or otherwise the doctor has been treating his patient 
emptvitally^ and not philosophically. For the latter there is no 
remedy but less empiricism and more philosophy — a comm<^n 
sense view of the ease. 



Typhoid or FoLrcDXAR Ektuestis. 



COMPLICATIONS OF TYPHOID FEVEE» 



Typhoid Enteritis or Foliculae Ejsteritis, is a freqaentaad 
exceedingly fatal complication of typhoid fever. It is an infla- 
mation of the mucous folicles oi" glands of Peyer, which are 
abundant in the region of the cecum. Hence the seat of tho 
inflamation is a little below and to the right of the umbilicus,— 
On a post mortem examination the inflamation will be found to 
consist of minute ulcers thickly studded together in patches 
about the size of a half dollar. Folicular Enteritis frequently 
occurs as a primary disease as well as a complication of typhoid 
fever. When it complicates typhoid fever it does not usually 
set in till after the first week of the fever. Hence, by the phi. 
losophical method of treating typhoid feve^, the fever is broken 
and the patient is already convalescent before the time arrives 
for the ulcerative inflammation to set in as under the common 
empirical practice. 

Diagnosis. — The appearance of the tongue does not differ 
much from that of ordinary typhoid fever; the edges are red, 
with a thick, clammy, white coat at first, which becomes brown 
¥md even black when the intestinal secretions are accordingly 
vitiated. As diftiise mucous inflamation sets in with the ultera 
tive inflamation, then there will be much thirst, with a red 
streak through the center of the tongue, and finally the tongue 
loses its coat and becomes clean, dry, and very red. 

There is a tendency to diarrhoea, but this is not very obvious 
at first, and may not exist at all as it is quite easily checked up 
by the opium that may have been used. 

The febrile action of the heart as indicated by the pulse does 
not differ materially from that of the uncomplicated typhoid fe- 
ver. 

Externally, by pressing the fingers over that part of the ab- 
domen a little below and to the right of the umbilicus, a little 
soreness may be detected; but this is not very obvious. As the 



2© 



Typhoid op. Foliculae Enteritis. 



disease advances pressure at the same place will produce a 
gargling noise; but at first this also is not very obvious. 

Tympanitis, that is, a filling up of the bowels with gas, fami. 
liariy termed bloating of the abdomen is extreme and very dis- 
tressing in the latter part of the course of fatal cases; bat this 
like the other symptoms is not very obvious at first. Hence you 
see it is, exceedingly difficult to diagnose a case ot folicular en- 
teritis in the first stage of the infiamation and exceodiugly easy 
after the fatal impress is made upon the intestines. But as you 
value the life of your patient do not let the first stage of the 
infiamation pass by without Us proper treatment; for I mv.st 
repeat that typhoid enteritis under the ordinary practice ot 
physiciajDs is exceedingly tatal. 

By a philosophical course of treatment commenced in the early 
stage of the infiamation the patient's life may usually at least be 
saved, and the duration ot the disease shortened perhaps about 
one halt of its ordinary course to a fatal termination . 

But before I give the treatment I will mention one diagnostic 
symptom of typhoid or folicular enteritis, which, though I have 
never seen it mentioned by any writer, has nevertheless appear- 
ed to me to be more characteristic than any other symptom. It 
is the position the patient lies in bed, namely: 

He lies habitually upon his back, a little inclined to the left side 
with bh knees somewhat drawn up, in a manner to relax the 
mascies over the inflamed part as much as possible. 

Cube — 1st Keep the pulse down steadily by veratrum viride 
to the natural standard or a little below. You need not fear 
that it will irritate the bowels; the old books tell most abomi- 
nable lies about it. Veratrum viride never causes bloody stools 
— a^iid in fact never inflames or irritates the bowels in any manner 
whatever. This is the first essential to the cure of folicular enter- 
itis. 

2d. Apply light blisters over the right illeac region, or other 
severe counterirritating applications; to be repeated until the 
infiamation is completely subdued. Apply mustard to the ex- 
tremities. This is the second essential to the cure of folicular 
enteritis. 

3d. Souse the liver and whole glandular system to a vigor- 
oias normal action by small doses of podophyllin; or by a little 
speck of calomel rubbed up with hydrargyrum cum creta- Also 
r^e the kidnies and skin to a vigorous normal action by the 



Typhoid or Folioular Enteritj s. 21 



sweet spirits of aiter. These means are essential not only to the 
cure of the infiamation, but also to subdue the fever. 

4th. An occasional dose of opium, laudanum, morphine, o^* 
Dover's powders must be given to keep the diarrhoea well in 
check, or to quiet pain and procure .^leep. For children pare- 
goric or Dover's i30wder should be used. The same means must 
be used to counteract the too great action of veratrum whenever 
it sickens the stomach. 

In my hands the above means have always been successful . One 
case, from the practice of another practitioner fell into my hands 
after the disease had nearly run its course to a fatal termination^ 
and but few of the above means were used; the veratrum was 
neither indicated nor used at all. This case was apparently the 
result of using too severe means to open the bowels without 
checking their operation afterwards by opiates. I mention this- 
as a timely caution to i^ractitiotiers. 

Infiamation of the lungs in the form of Bronchitis — indicated' 
by cough find white or light colored expectorations; and Pneu'- 
monitis indicated by bloody expectoration, not unfrequently 
comes on in the middle or latter stage of typhoid fever. The 
philosophical method breaks up the fever before the infiamation- 
usually sets in. But as soon as cough comes on, indicating the- 
approach of infiamation, in addition to the means already re- 
commended for typhoid fever, light but extensive blisters should 
be applied to the chest and mustard to the extremities. 

A heavy narcotic oppression of the brain is a distin- ■ ^hing^ 
characteristic ol the true typhus; and the bram becomt;.- fre- 
quently congested m these cases. This is indicated by narcotic 
stupor and an inexpressive appearance of the eyes with dilated, 
piipiis. Phrenitis or true infiamation of the brain, and Menin- 
gitis or infiamation of its investing membranes are indicated 
at first by staring of the eyes, contracted pupils, and morbid 
vigilance — the patient being extremely sensitive to everything 
that is said concerning his condition. He is exceedingly restless; 
opium TviU not procure sleep, and must not be given. When 
the infiamation is lully developed the patient is really violent, 
an<i manifests great strength. This infiamation not unfrequent- 
ly comes on as a sequela during convalescence from tyj^hoid fe- 
vef, and must be properly and thoroughly treated in the form- 
ing stage, otherwise death is almost inevitable. 

GuRE. — In all the above forms of congestion and iDflamatiorr 



22 



Typhoid or Folic itlar Enteritis. 



of the brain and its membranes the head is usually hot and the 
feet cold. This must be reversed. 1st. Envelope the head 
com])\ete\Y in bladders of ice', and warm up the extremities. — 
Apply verj/ strong mustard applicoMons to the feet and legs as 
far as the knees; to the arms; over the stomach; and between 
the shoulders, and on the back of the neck. 2nd. Give two or 
three grains of podophyllin, combined with about ten grains of 
calomel to operate on the liver, stomach and bowels. The 
kidnies must be roused vigorously to action by the sweet spirits 
of niter. 3d. The pulse must be kept down steadily by vera- 
trum viride. Hut these means must be used in the forming and 
active stage of the disease in order to save your patient. 

In the latter stage of the enkephalic inflamation when the 
pulse sinks and there is a cold, clammy and profuse perspiration, 
exhausting measures will no longer be borne; perhaps nothing 
will now save your patient; but you may apply a blister to the 
crown of the hea.d. 



GENERAL PHILOSOPHY OF FEVERS. 



Fevers have been divided by writers into — 
1st. Continued. 
2nd. Eruptive. 
3d . Periodical. 

The principles already given at length under the head of Ty- 
phoid and Typhus Fever will apply with slight modifications to 
all of the continued and eruptive levers. ^ 

Genus Ist. — Continued Fevee, Non-contagious. 

Species 1st. — Fever from Mmctional Derangement, Fever 

from Functional Derangement is a non-contagious continued fe- 
ver, and may be caused by iiegative or positive agents. The 
negative cause is talcin^g eold usually aided by co-operating 
causes, such as indigestion or anything that depresses the action 
of the system. Taking cold, etc., checks the perspiratory func- 
tions and finally that of the urinary and biliary secretion, and in 



Philosophy op Fevees and Means of Cure 



23 



fact throws the whole of the secretory functions into a negative 
or inactive condition. 

The positive cause ot fever from functional derangement is 
overheating the system during very hot weather. Overheating 
the system causes directly a highly positive state of the cuta- 
neous capilaries, and this often induces indirectly on the princi- 
ple oi electrical induction, a negative state of the functions of 
the skin, kidnies, liver, etc., and fever is the immediate result. 

The negative or torpid condition of the functions of the skin, 
kidnies, liver, etc. , causes the retention of excretory matter in 
the blood; and this excretory matter stimulates sooner or later 
the heart to increased action and fever is the final resrJt^ — Fever 
from Functional Derangement. 

Fever from Functional Derangement may be divided into two 
stages — 

1st. Negative, including the incubation and chill 
2d. Positive, including the fever. 

There are several varieties of this fever which are treafcod of 
in the books as distinct fevers but which are in fact ali one and 
the same fever. 

1. Ephemeral t\ver \s> a simple fever from Functional De- 
rangement that lasts but one day. 

2. In Gastric Fever the stomach is much deranged with vomit 
ing often of green, acrid and vitiated secretions. Very fc^equeat 
in children. 

3. In Inflamatory- Fever the perspiratory function of the skin 
is much at fault, and the fever is high and inflamatory. 

4. In Simple or Common Continued Fever ^ which is often cal- 
led typhoid fever by practitioners, the liver and internal glandu- 
lar system are prominently at fault and the fever is not so high 
as inflamatory fever, and is very much like an ordinary ease of 
the infectious typhoid fever, minus tiie head symptoms. 

Cure— The first indication is, during the negative stage ot in- 
cubation, 10 prevent the development of the fever. This may be 
accomplished with great certainty by Miminatio^i precisely as 
recommended for typhoid fever, to which I must refer the read- 
er. 

The second indication is, after the fever is fully developed, to 
break the fever. This may also be accomplished with great cer- 
tainty by the same indication, namely, Elimination; But at the 
same time it will be of great importance to reduce the fever by 



24 



Philosophy of Fevers and Means op Cure. 



veratrum viride while the 8ystem is being cleansed out by elimi- 
nants; and these indications may be carried out precisely as re- 
commended for typhoid fever, to which I must again refer the 
reader- 

By this course thoroughly and scientifically carried out the 
lighter forms of fever from functional derangement may be bro- 
Aw in one day and made fully convalescent in three days; the 
more severe cases may be broken in three days, and made fully 
convalescent in five days — and these are cases which with prac- 
titioners universally last from about two to four weeks — till a 
crisis takes place and the fever cures itself. Don't wait for the 
slow process of nature but cleanse th« system, or in other words 
establish a crisis yourself. 

Genus 2 — Continued Fever, Contagious. 

Species let — Typhoid and 7]/phus Fever. — In a natural system 
of classification typhoid fever comes next in the series, of which 
I have already treated, at length, and which I shall make use of 
as a model for other forms of positive or continued fevers. 
Genus 3 — Continued Fevees, Contagious and Eruptive. 

Species 1st — Scarlet Fever. —Scarlet fever is a contagious or 
infectious continued fever resulting in a highly electro-positive 
or inflamatory state of the skin. It has two stages — 
— Negative, including the incubation and chill. 

2nd — Positive, including the fever. 

The negative stage of incubation lasts about five days and 
culminates in the chill. The positive stage of fever then com- 
mences: the 7*05^ .comes out on the second^ day of the fever; be 
gins to fade first on the forehead on the seventh day; and is all 
gone on the ninth day, unless the disease is protracted by ad- 
verse symptoms. 

The Cause of the Negative Stage is the scarlatinal infection; 
usually aided by taking cold and other negative agents. This 
results in a negative or torpid condition of the secretions and the 
retention of excretory matter in the blood. 

The Cause of the Positive Stage of the fever is — - 

1st. The retained excretory matter in the blood causes — Fe- 
ver from Functional Derangement. 

2d. The original infection generates an electro-positive pois- 
on, in the blood and causes fever — Fever frora a positive infection 
in the blood. 

There are several varieties of scarlet fever. 



Philosophy of Fevers and Means of Cuke. 



25 



1. In Sinij^le Scarlet Fever iunctional derangement is light 
and the fever is accordingly iiuld. 

2- In Grave Scarlet Fever there is much functional derange- 
ment and accordingly the fever is exceef^ingly violent- These 
cases are apt to develop local inflaaiation of the bowels, lungs, 
or brain, and in this way become malignant, 

S. Malignant Scarlet Fever are the cases just mentioned 
complicated with local congestions, or inflamations. 

4. Scarlatina Anginosa is when the disease is complicated 
with a kinrl of d plheritic, or ulcerative inflamation of the ton- 
sils and throat. 

Cuke — The indications of cure are, first, remove the tever 
from functional derangement by eliminants. Second, counteract 
the electro-positive state of the blood by veratrum viride. 

In Simple Scarlet Fever there is but little fever from function- 
al derangement, and little or no treatment is required. In the 
more grave or severe cases there is much fever trom functional 
derangement, and hence there is much danger of fatal con- 
gestions or inflamatory complications. Hence it is of much im- 
portance to subdue the fever at once and prevent any fatal com- 
plication. To prevent congestion during the chill, external 
warming applications must be vigorously' applied when there is 
any apparent danger. 

When the fever is severe it may be speedily subdued, and 
fatal congestions, or inflamatory complications warded off by the 
following means. For a child four years old: 

E. — Podophyllin, quarter grain; 
Leptandrin, half grain; 
Soda, one grain; 

Capsicum, eighth of a grain. Mix and give all at one 
dose; to be repeated every three hours till it operates thorough- 
ly as a cathartic. This may also vomit which will be of no dis- 
advantage. Do not run the bowels too hard but check the- ac- 
tion of the cathartic, when it has operated sufficiently by a dose 
ol paregoric. 

Immediately after the operation of the cathartic you will find 
veratrum your sheet anchor. 

R. — Tilden's Fluid Extract of Veratrum Viride^ one part: 

Paregoric, two parts; mix. A dose of this will be about 
one drop, or a little more, for every year of age up to fifteen 
which will be the dose tor an adult. Thus for a child four years 
old give four or five drops and repeat every two hours till the 



26 



Philosophy of Fevers and Means of Cure. 



pulse is redncedto the natural standard or a few beats below. 
When the pulse is thus reduced it must be given in smaller do- 
ses, and perhaps less often repeated. Do not give it so as to 
nauseate lor this is too distressing for the little patient to bear. 

When the stomach is sickened by the veratrum give full or 
large doses of paregoric to counteract it; half or two thirds of 
a teaspoonful to a child four years old. 

To rouse the kidnies to action, which is of much importance, 
perhaps nothing is better than the sweet spirits of niter. A 
child four years old may take about a quarter of a teaspoonful 
every two hours till the desired effect is obtained. 

Internal congestions and inflamations require external fomen^ 

tations, mustard, etc. ; a good application is a blistering plaster 

of cantharides applied till the skin is reddened, when it is to be 

taken off and warm iomentations applied to the same part. A 

blue discoloration of the skin is a very malignant symptom, and 

must be counteracted by external fomentations, mu.tard, etc., 

very viojorouslv applied. ^ . . , 

In th? throat disease, sca-latina anginosa, it is well to swab 

out the throat every three or tour hours with capsicum and com- 
mon salt, each one teaspoonful ; honey, two or three tablespoon- 
fuls; to be dissolved in a half a teacupful of boiling vinegar.— 
But in the throat disease nothing can equal ICE; you will find 
it a complete specific. The child should lie upon its back whilst 
the ice should be kept in its mouth in pretty good sized pieces, 
almost constantly; and twenty-four hours will be sufficient to 
almost completely subdue the worst inflamation of the throat. 

Species Q.nd— Measles. This also being an infectious fever 
the philosophy of its production and the general principles of 
cure are similar to that of scarlet fever, or of typhoid fever. The 
eliminantsmaybeused, when the case is grave enough tore- 
quire it, to subdue the tever from functional derangement. The 
veratrum may be used to subdue febrile excitement and coun- 
teract the stimulus of the infectious poison in the blood. Fo- 
mentations or even blisters are often required over the chest to 
prevent or subdue bronchitis or inflamation of the lungs. 

Species Zd—Small Fox. This also is an infectious and conta- 
gious fever, and hence the philosophy of its development differs 
in no essential point from that of other infectious fevers; and 
hence also the principles of cure are the &ame, 

1. Use the podophyllin, etc., to rouse the iiver, stomach 
and bowels to action; and the sweet spirits of niter to rouse the 



Philosophy op Fevees and Means of Cure. 



27 



kidnies and skin to action — as already given under the head oi 
typhoid fevei". 

2. Use the veratrum viride so as to subdue every vestige of 
febrile excitement — as also recommended under the head of ty- 
phoid fever. 

That is cleanse the system thoroughly ot all excretoiy matter 
in the blood, and counteract the stimulus of the contagious pois- 
on upon the heart, and small pox as well as typhoid fever may be 
speedily subdued. 

Genus 4. — Continued Fevee Malarial and Contagious. 

Species 1 st. — Yellow Fever, Yellow fever is mainly caused 
by the malaria of cities, which differs from the vegetable mala- 
ria ol the country, in being mostly the product ot putrid animal 
matter. It is an electro-positive fever, with a highly electro- 
positive state of the liver and stomach. 

1. Calomel may be used to act upon the liver, stomach and 
bowels. 1 he kidnies must not be left in a torpid conditicn. 

2. From the first subdue every vestige of febrile excitement 
by the free administration of veratrum viride. 

3. The stomach may be saved by ICE. Let it be broken 
into small pieces and swallowed almost constantly till that in^ 
tense thirst is gratified to the fullest extent possible. This alone 
will prevent the vomit. 

4. To save the liver, you must apply very strong mustard 
poultices over the region of the liver; and envelope the extrem- 
ities almost completely in very strong mustard applic tio. 

How TO Break any Fever. — All fevers may be divided into — 
1st. Negative, periodical, or chill fevers. 
2nd. Positive, or contin- ed fevers. 

All local congestions or infiamations being removed cr ab- 
sent, then — 

1, If it is a negative fever (mtermittent or remittent) cleanse 
the system thoroughly by eliminants, and counteract the nega- 
tive state of the blood by such cardiac positives as quinine. 

2. If it is a positive fever, namely, common continued fever^ 
typhoid fever, scarlei fever, measles, or small pox, cleanse the 
system very thoroughly by elimina7its as before, and counteract 
the positive state of the blood by such powerful cardiac nega- 
tives as veratrum viride . 

Diptheria. — The great importance ol a speedy and effectual 
cure for dipth<eria induces me to insert it here. In bad cases. 



I 



28 



Philosophy of Fevers and Means of Cure. 



there is much fever from fanctional de angement, as weii as in- 
flamatory swelling of the tonsils and the whole throat, which be- 
comes covered with a white exudation or membrane. 

The indications nre to subdue the fever from functional de- 
rangement and reduce the infiamation of the throat. Give for 
an adult from half a gvain to a grain of podophyllin, to re- 
peated every three hours till it operates thoroughly on the liver, 
stomach and bowels. This should be followed by an opiate; and 
by veratrum four drops every two hours, or one drop for a child 
four years old. If the veratrum sickens the stomach, counter- 
act it by laudanum, or for a child by paregoric. This is neces- 
sary in order to subdue the fever. 

For the throat external irritating applications maybe applied. 
But internally ICE is a complete specmc. Put it into the throat 
constantly, and twenty-four hours will be sufficient to subdue, 
almost completely, the \vorst diptheritic inflamation of the 
thro a ^ 

Dysenteria — The elements of diseulery are, in miid cases, 
functional derangement and an inflamation of the lower part of 
the bowels, in bad or malignant cases the elements are — fever 
from functional derangement, and the inflamation of the lower 
part of the bowels; the upper part of the bowels are usually 
costive. 

R. — Podophyllin, one grain; 
Leptandrin, two grains; 
Hydrarg. cum creta, six grains; 
Opium, one grain; 

Ciipsicum, quarter of a grain. Mix and give ail at one 
dose, and repeat every three nours till a full operation is produc- 
ed upon the bowels. 

Follow this by opium sufficient to quiet all pain and ten-irmus; 
and in all of the simple or milder cases this will be the end of 
the dysentery. In severe cases where there is much fever bring 
down the pulse by veratrum viride, and on the t'bird day repeat 
the purgative again as before. You must break the fever from 
functional derangement without running the bowels too hard. 

In the mean time the kidnies should be rous-^d to a vicjorous 
action by the sweet spirits of niter and its action should be de- 
termined to the skin by external warming applications. Mus- 
tard, etc., should be applied over the lower part of the abdo- 
men. 



Philosophy op Fbvsr and Means op Cure. 29 



This plan of treatment will be found much more satisfactory 
than the ordinary anodyne course in which the conditions of the 
secretions and consequently the lever from functional derange- 
ment is mainly neglected. 

Properties of Vbeatrum Yiridb. 

The properties of veratrum viride are not well understood by 
the profession. Norwood's experience is far from being correct 
inasmuch as it is in no sense of the term, an elirainant or altera- 
tive . 

1. Yeratrum viride is a cardiac negative; that is it dii-ectiy 
diminishes the frequency ot the pulsations of the heart, but not 
their force. 

2. When given more freely than is necessary to produce 
the above effect it causes most distressed nausea and vomit- 
ing. 

Always counteract this effect by laudanum, morphine or 
opium, or for small children, paregoric »' and when necessary, 
combined with brandy or other spirits. 

Yeratrum viride never acts upon any of the secretions to rouse 
them to action; and it never operates upon the bowels as a ca- 
thartic, nor to irritate them in any means whatever. 

"When the skin is very hot in fevers, profuse sweating will fol- 
low in consequence of its cooling effect — but usually it has no 
effect over the perspiratory functions. So expectoration may 
iollow when it reduces inflamation of the lungs but not other- 
wise. 

2he use of Veratrum Viride is simply to reduce the frequmey 
of the pulse. Hence its use in fevers and inflamations. 



RHEUMATISM— ITS PHILOSOPHY AND 
MEANS OF CURE. 



Rhbumatism. — The many individuals crippled from a long 
run of acute rheumatism is a lasting opprobrium, setting forth 
imraistakably the gross empericism of the present state of the 
medical art. Cases ot acute rheumatism that often endure from 
two to six weeks under the common empirical practice, can be 
unmistakably and effectually subdued in as many days, on the 
philosophical principle of cause and effect. 

The elements of acute rheumatism are — 

1 St . Fever from Functional Derangement. 

2nd. — An exceedingly painful inflamation of the muscular 
and fibrous tissues, more often about the larger joints, but 
sometimes in the muscular tissue itself. 

2nd. In Chronic Rheumatism we have the inflamation, with 
little or no fever — hut with more or less functional derangement. 

3d. In Goutih^ rheumatic inflamation seizes upon the syno- 
vial or lining"merabrane of the smaller joints, as that of the 
great toe. 

4th. When the rheumatic inflamation afiects the synovial 
membranes of the larger joints, it is called rheumatic gout. 

Rheumatism is a very painful disease. but it is not usually dan- 
gerous; yet it sometimes seizes upon the heart, and then it be- 
comes exceedingly dangerous. 

Curb, — The indications of cure are : 

1st, Remove the fever from fimctional derangement; and 
2d. subdue the inflamation. 



Rheumatism — Its Philosophy and Means op Cure* 31 



1. The liver, stomach, and bowels are in an electro-negative 
or torpid condition, with the retention of much biliary and 
other vitiated excretory matter in the blood. 

Rheumatism can never be cured till this excretory matter i& 
removed by eliminanU. 

K. — Podophyllin, one grain; 
Leptandrin, two grains; 

Capsicum, half grain. Mix and give all at ore dose and 
repeat every three hours till it operates thoroughly as a cathar- 
tic. The cathartic must be repeated, if necessary, till the liver 
is roused to its normal degree of action. If preferred, calomel 
may be used in place of the above prescription; but it must be 
done cautiously, otherwise you will ensure a nine day's mercu" 
rial fever, and accordingly protract the cure. 

2. Follow the sufficient action of the cathartic by a full 
dose of opium in some form, and repeat it often enough to re- 
lieve all of that excrutiating pair. 

3. Immediately after the action of the cathartic, veratrum 
viride must be given in four or five drop doses to be repeated 
about every two hours till every vestige of febrile excitement is 
completely subdued. 

4. The kidnies and skin are exceedingly torpid or negative, 
and there is, in consequence, an accumulation of lithic acid in 
the blood which should be converted into urea and made to pass 
off by the kidnies. This lithic acid has an affinity for the fi- 
brous tissues which are thus stimulated and inflamed; ; 1 this 
cause is aided by fatigue, cold, damp, etc. Hence don; 'hink 
of curing rheumatism without a thorough elimination of c:^ore- 
tory matter by the kidnies and skin. 

Hence, give the sweet spirits of niter in teaspoonful doses, 
and repeat every two hours till the urine flows clear and abun- 
dant. The opium, which is given to quiet the pain will deter, 
mine to the skin; and the veratrum will bring down thepulf^e, 
and the result will be very profuse sweating. 

5th. Counteract the local inflamation and prevent the acces- 
sion of inflamation of the heart, by the extsnsive application of 
tnMttardXo the extremities, over the stomach and bowels, and to 
the whole extent of the spine. 

By these means thoroughly carried out, almost any phase of 
rheumatism, and even the most acute form should be completely 



\ 



32 Rheumatism — Its Philosophy and Means op Cure. 



subdued in three days, and convalescence speedily established. 

6. After convalescence is established, the action of the Ifid- 
nies, and other glandular organs may be maintained by the 
iodide of potassium. Give it in doses of three grains, three 
times a day. 

The same treatment is equally applicable to gout. 

For chronic rheumatism, give one eight of a grain of podo- 
phyllin three times a day; and the iodide of potassium as above; 
and apply externally the following liniment : 

R. — Capsicum, 4 ounces. 

Alcohol and water, each 1 pint ; mix for a liniment and 
apply to the extremities, and spine, and over the seat of the 
pain. In rheumatic and neuralgic pains, in all cold or negative 
conditions of the system, apj)ly it thoroughly, till it burns^ — in 
the words of Milton — "like all hell broke loose,'' and the result 
will be magical. 

Rome Center, Lenawee Co., Mich. 




X 



I 




This little work claims what is claimed by no other work ex- 
tant to teach fully ^ plai7ily , and above all, Philosophically, 

1. How to break Typhoid Fever ; 

2. How to break Typhus Fever ; 

3. How to break Continued J ever; and, in any form of the 
above fevers when uncomplicated ; how to establish full conva- 
lescence, with returning appetite in 3 to 5 days, often in one day 

4. How Typhoid or Folicular Enteritis, a frequent and 
hitherto very fatal concomitant of both typhoid and 'continued 
feVers, may be more readily conducted to a more favorable ter- 
mination than iieretofore. 

5. How to ward off malignancy in the Eruptive Fevers, 
namely: Scarlet Fever, Measles and Small Pox ; and how to 
conduct these very fatal diseases speedily to a favorable termi- 
nation. 

6. How Malignant Diptl.eria, when unaccompanied with 
the croupy symptoms, maybe speedily subdued — the sore throat 
of diptheria, even in its most severe form may be brouglit to a 
complete crisis in 24 hours. 

7. How malignancy in dysentery may be svarded otf. 

8. Hovf even the most inflamatory cases of acute rheum a 
tism may be brought to a crisis or completely subdued in 8 or 4 
days. 

And 9. How any fever may be broken in 1 to 5 days. The 
above is truth to me— but to physicians, I can only add, in the 
language oi St. Paul, Prove all things, ana hold fast that 

WHICH IS good 




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